| Major contractors | OKB-1 |
|---|---|
| Bus | Venera 2MV-1 |
| Mission type | Venus lander |
| Launch date | 25 August 1962 02:18:45 UTC |
| Carrier rocket | Molniya 8K78 s/n T103-12 |
| Launch site | Baikonur Site 1/5 |
| Orbital decay | 28 August 1962 |
| COSPAR ID | 1962 Alpha Pi 1 |
| Mass | 890 kilograms (2,000 lb) |
| Orbital elements | |
| Regime | Low Earth (achieved) Heliocentric (intended) |
| Inclination | 64.8° |
| Apoapsis | 248 kilometres (154 mi) |
| Periapsis | 174 kilometres (108 mi) |
| Orbital period | 88.71 minutes |
Venera 2MV-1 No.1,[1][2] also known as Sputnik 19 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme, and was intended to become the first spacecraft to land on Venus.[3] Due to a problem with its upper stage it failed to leave low Earth orbit, and reentered the atmosphere a few days later.[4] It was the first of two Venera 2MV-1 spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.[2]
Venera 2MV-1 No.1 was launched at 02:18:45 UTC on 25 August 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[1] The first three stages of the rocket operated nominally, injecting the fourth stage and payload into a low Earth orbit. The fourth stage then coasted until one hour and fifty seconds after launch, when it fired its ullage motors in preparation for ignition. One of the ullage motors failed to fire, and when the main engine ignited for a four minute burn to place the spacecraft into heliocentric orbit, the stage began to tumble out of control. Forty five seconds later, its engine cut off, leaving the spacecraft stranded in Earth orbit.[5] It reentered the atmosphere on 28 August 1962, three days after it had been launched.[6]
The designations Sputnik 23, and later Sputnik 19 was used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.[3][7][8]
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